Reliability of Central Vein Sign Imaging With 3T FLAIR* in a Multicenter Study.

Background And Purpose: The central vein sign (CVS) is a diagnostic imaging biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS). FLAIR* is a combined MRI contrast that provides high conspicuity for CVS at 3 Tesla (3T), enabling its sensitive and accurate detection in clinical settings. This study evaluated whether CVS conspicuity of 3T FLAIR* is reliable across imaging sites and MRI vendors and whether gadolinium (Gd) contrast increases CVS conspicuity.

Significant oligodendrocyte progenitor and microglial cell death is a feature of remyelination following toxin-induced experimental demyelination.

The extent to which glial cell turnover features in successful remyelination is unclear. In this study, the rat caudal cerebellar peduncle-ethidium bromide lesion model was used to profile oligodendroglial and microglial/macrophage cell death and proliferation dynamics over the course of repair. Lesioned and control tissue was co-labelled with antibody markers for cell identity, proliferation, and apoptosis (TUNEL assay), then imaged at full thickness using confocal microscopy and quantified using custom CellProfiler pipelines.

Paramagnetic rim lesion formation is predicted by the initial gadolinium-enhancing lesion diameter.

Background: Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker of compartmentalized intraparenchymal inflammation.

Objectives: The primary objective was to investigate clinical, demographic, and MRI factors that may be predictive of the future formation of PRL.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of longitudinal data.

High-Field-Blinded Assessment of Portable Ultra-Low-Field Brain MRI for Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: MRI is crucial for multiple sclerosis (MS), but the relative value of portable ultra-low field MRI (pULF-MRI), a technology that holds promise for extending access to MRI, is unknown. We assessed white matter lesion (WML) detection on pULF-MRI compared to high-field MRI (HF-MRI), focusing on blinded assessments, assessor self-training, and multiplanar acquisitions.

Methods: Fifty-five adults with MS underwent pULF-MRI following their HF-MRI.

Ancient DNA reveals diverse community organizations in the 5th millennium BCE Carpathian Basin.

We present a comprehensive genetic investigation of Late Neolithic (LN) and Early Copper Age (ECA) populations living in the Carpathian Basin, leveraging whole genome data from 125 previously unreported individuals. Using population genetics, kinship analyses and the study of networks of identity-by-descent haplotype segment sharing, we elucidate the social and genetic dynamics of these communities between 4800-3900 cal BCE. Despite changes in settlement patterns, burial practices, and material culture, we document a high degree of genetic continuity.