Identification of an exosite at the neutrophil elastase/alpha-1-antitrypsin interface.

Neutrophil elastase (NE) is released by activated neutrophils during an inflammatory response and exerts proteolytic activity on elastin and other extracellular matrix components. This protease is rapidly inhibited by the plasma serine protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), and the importance of this protective activity on lung tissue is highlighted by the development of early onset emphysema in individuals with AAT deficiency. As a serpin, AAT presents a surface-exposed reactive centre loop (RCL) whose sequence mirrors the target protease specificity.

Prostate Cancer Risk Prediction Model Using Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Related Findings: Impact of Combining Lesions' Locations and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values.

Objectives: The aims of the study are to develop a prostate cancer risk prediction model that combines clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-related findings and to assess the impact of adding Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) ≥3 lesions-level findings on its diagnostic performance.

Methods: This 3-center retrospective study included prostate MRI examinations performed with clinical suspicion of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) between 2018 and 2022. Pathological diagnosis within 1 year after the MRI was used to diagnose csPCa.

In-field prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy and salvage radiation.

Objective: To define the natural history, patterns of recurrence and treatment modalities for local prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence following radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT), and to investigate factors that could predict metastasis-free survival (MFS) in this unique patient population.

Methods: We queried a prospectively maintained PCa registry to identify men developing in-field recurrence (IFR) following RP and RT from 2008 to 2021 at a single institution. IFR was defined as biopsy-proven recurrent PCa or the presence of persistent positron emission tomography-avid lesions in the prior radiation field without evidence of metastasis.

Estimated diagnostic performance of prostate MRI performed with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of prostate MRI by estimating the proportion of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in patients without prostate pathology.

Materials And Methods: This three-center retrospective study included prostate MRI examinations performed for clinical suspicion of csPCa (Grade group ≥ 2) between 2018 and 2022. Examinations were divided into two groups: pathological diagnosis within 1 year after the MRI (post-MRI pathology) is present and absent.