Molecular and Immune Biomarkers in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a multifactorial syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates, characterized by deficiency in gas exchange and lung mechanics that lead to hypoxemia, dyspnea, and respiratory failure. Histologically, ARDS is characterized by an acute, exudative phase, combining diffuse alveolar damage and noncardiogenic edema, followed by a later fibroproliferative phase. Despite an enhanced understanding of ARDS pathogenesis, the capacity to predict the development of ARDS and to risk-stratify patients with the disease remains limited.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in association with verruca vulgares and HPV-2: a clinicopathologic study with p16 and p53 immunohistochemical studies and human papillomavirus in situ hybridization studies.

Background: We observed cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the skin (SCCS) with histologic features suggesting they are arising in association with verruca vulgares (SCC-VV). We analyzed SCC-VV to determine what types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) could be detected by in situ hybridization. We also analyzed demographic and clinical features and performed immunohistochemical studies for p53, p16, and Ki-67.

Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (pulmonary pseudolymphoma): the significance of increased numbers of IgG4-positive plasma cells.

On the basis of an initial case, we hypothesized that IgG4-positive plasma cells may be increased in pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (PNLH) compared with other lymphoid proliferations of the lung. Six cases of PNLH, 9 cases of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), 8 cases of intraparenchymal lymph nodes, 8 cases of either primary or secondary follicular bronchiolitis, and 4 cases of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis were stained by immunohistochemical analysis for IgG4 and IgG. The mean number of IgG4-positive and IgG-positive plasma cells and the IgG4/IgG ratio were determined from a manual count of images from 3 separate high-power fields (hpf) of areas showing the highest numbers of stained cells, respectively.