Investigating Additional Cochlear Parameters: A follow-up systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The movement towards personalization of cochlear implantation has continued to generate interest about variabilities in cochlear size. In a recent meta-analysis, Atalay et al. (2022) examined organ of corti length, cochlear lateral wall, and "A" value and found that most covariates, other than congenital sensorineural hearing loss, did not impact cochlear size via these measurements.

Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Rare Cause of Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Dural venous sinus thrombosis, a subset of cerebral venous thrombosis, is an important pathology due to its significant morbidity and mortality. This process has an annual incidence of three to five cases per million adults. Although copious predisposing factors exist, the core principles revolve around Virchow's triad: venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and vascular endothelial damage.

Analysis of rare coding variants in 470,000 exome-sequenced subjects characterises contributions to risk of type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To follow up results from an earlier study using an extended sample of 470,000 exome-sequenced subjects to identify genes associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to characterise the distribution of rare variants in these genes.

Materials And Methods: Exome sequence data for 470,000 UK Biobank participants was analysed using a combined phenotype for T2D obtained from diagnostic and prescription data. Gene-wise weighted burden analysis of rare coding variants in the new cohort of 270,000 samples was carried out for the 32 genes previously significant with uncorrected p < 0.

Instrumental variables in the cost of illness featuring type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To ascertain how an instrumental variables (IV) model can improve upon the estimates obtained from traditional cost-of-illness (COI) models that treat health conditions as predetermined.

Study Setting And Design: A simulation study based on observational data compares the coefficients and average marginal effects from an IV model to a traditional COI model when an unobservable confounder is introduced. The two approaches are then applied to real data, using a kinship-weighted family history as an instrument, and differences are interpreted within the context of the findings from the simulation study.