Does engagement matter? The impact of patient and community engagement on implementation of cardiovascular health materials in primary care settings.

Background: Engaging patients and community members in healthcare implementation, research and evaluation has become more popular over the past two decades. Despite the growing interest in patient engagement, there is scant evidence of its impact and importance. Boot Camp Translation (BCT) is one evidence-based method of engaging communities in research.

The Modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 and Breast Cancer Risk among Women from Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine any relationship of diet with breast cancer risk.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital and the Karachi Institute of Radiation and Nuclear Medicine, Karachi, from February 2015 to July 2017, and comprised of cases with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer and healthy controls. Data was collected using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010, which was modified according to the particular cultural patterns of diet in the Pakistani population.

A Stereoselective Photoinduced Cycloisomerization Inspired by Ophiobolin A.

A stereoselective synthetic entry point to the 5-8-5 carbocyclic core of the ophiobolins was developed. This strategy exploits the chiral tertiary alcohol of ophiobolin A to guide assmebly of the 5-8-5 scaffold in a single step via a photoinitiated cycloisomerization. Mechanistic insights into the origin of stereocontrol in this reaction are described, as are efforts to elaborate the resultant fused 5-8-5 ring system to the pharmacophore of ophiobolin A.

Factors associated with mammographic breast density among women in Karachi Pakistan.

Background: There are no studies done to evaluate the distribution of mammographic breast density and factors associated with it among Pakistani women.

Methods: Participants included 477 women, who had received either diagnostic or screening mammography at two hospitals in Karachi Pakistan. Mammographic breast density was assessed using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System.

Frequency and determinants of vitamin D deficiency among premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Karachi Pakistan.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a serious public health problem, even in sun-drenched cities like Karachi, Pakistan. We investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and lifestyle factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women (n = 784).

Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured after the interviews.