Sulfur oxidizing bacteria in agro ecosystem and its role in plant productivity-a review.

Sulfur (S) deficiency is becoming more common in agro-ecosystems worldwide due to factors such as agronomic practices, high biomass production, reduced sulfur emissions, and the use of non-sulfur fertilizers. This review explores the natural occurrence and commercial exploitation of sulfur pools in nature, the mineralization and immobilization of sulfur, the physiological role of sulfur in plants, and its deficiency symptoms. Additionally, the organic and inorganic forms of sulfur in soil, their transformations, and the process of microbiological oxidation of sulfur are discussed.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated activation of plant defense responses in direct seeded rice ( L.) against root-knot nematode .

Rhizosphere is the battlefield of beneficial and harmful (so called phytopathogens) microorganisms. Moreover, these microbial communities are struggling for their existence in the soil and playing key roles in plant growth, mineralization, nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. In the last few decades, some consistent pattern have been detected so far that link soil community composition and functions with plant growth and development; however, it has not been studied in detail.

Ameliorating the drought stress tolerance of a susceptible soybean cultivar, MAUS 2 through dual inoculation with selected rhizobia and AM fungus.

Background: Drought stress is currently the primary abiotic stress factor for crop loss worldwide. Although drought stress reduces the crop yield significantly, species and genotypes differ in their stress response; some tolerate the stress effect while others not. In several systems, it has been shown that, some of the beneficial soil microbes ameliorate the stress effect and thereby, minimizing yield losses under stress conditions.

Methods for assessing the quality of AM fungal bio-fertilizer: Retrospect and future directions.

In the recent past, the mass production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has bloomed into a large biofertilizer industry. Due to their obligate symbiotic nature, these fungi are propagated on living roots in substrate-based pot cultures and RiTDNA in in vitro or root organ culture systems. The quality assessment of AM inocula remains critical for the production and efficacy evaluation of AM fungi.

Deciphering the Role of Trehalose in Tripartite Symbiosis Among Rhizobia, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, and Legumes for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants.

Drought is a critical factor limiting the productivity of legumes worldwide. Legumes can enter into a unique tripartite symbiotic relationship with root-nodulating bacteria of genera , , or and colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Rhizobial symbiosis provides nitrogen necessary for growth.