Pathogenesis and Management Strategies in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms Toward Therapeutic Approaches: A Comprehensive Review.

Thyroid cancer (TC) remains the most common cancer in endocrinology. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the most common type of TC, generally has a favorable outlook with conventional treatment, which typically includes surgery along with radioiodine (RAI) therapy and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression through thyroid hormone therapy. However, a small subset of patients (less than 5%) develop resistance to RAI.

THE LEARNING CURVE AND PERFORMANCE OF A NEWLY ESTABLISHED THYROID FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION CENTER.

Context: Thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is the best tool for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma; however, its learning curve is poorly described. Our aim was to assess the learning curve of a new thyroid FNA center involving unexperienced operator and pathologist.

Methods: We retrieved from our tertiary endocrinology center database all thyroid FNA procedures done by a single operator (endocrinologist with no experience in FNA) between 2018 and 2021.

VITAMIN D LEVEL AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CANCER STAGE IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA.

Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has witnessed an increase in incidence and although it is considered to have a slow grow potential and a 90% 10-year survival rate, local or distant metastases can be observed in 20%. It is essential to recognize other factors associated with malignancy and poor prognosis. Vitamin D and its deficiency has proven useful as a prognostic biomarker for many types of cancer, including thyroid cancer.

Vitamin D Status and VDR Polymorphisms as Prognostic Factors in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are involved in a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion in malignant tumors. This study investigated whether vitamin D levels and genetic variations of VDR are risk factors for thyroid cancer.

Patients And Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n=113) and those with benign thyroid pathology (n=150) were genotyped for VDR gene polymorphisms (ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and BsmI) and their 25(OH)D levels were simultaneously measured.