[Urethral indwelling catheter, intermittent self-catheterization and urinary infection].

Once a catheter has been passed into the bladder without contamination, there are several possible routes of subsequent infection during drainage period, such as: 1. Entry of bacteria alongside the catheter in the urethra. 2.

Clinical evaluation of inside echo patterns in gray scale prostatic echography.

Improved gray scale echograms in transrectal ultrasonography clearly can visualize the anatomical structure of and pathological changes in the prostatic gland. This study includes the classification of ultrasonic findings from the prostatic gland into acoustical pattern groups--solid, cystic and mixed--as well as into pathological-anatomical pattern groups--internal gland, external gland, nodule, stone and miscellaneous. The diagnostic accuracy of prostatic diseases using pattern analysis of prostatic inside echoes was 89 per cent, a 9 per cent improvement over that provided by conventional display.

Gray scale transrectal ultransonography of the prostate.

Gray scale transrectal ultrasongraphy provides refined visualization of the texture of the prostate and other intrapelvic organs. Diagnostic accuracy of the transrectal scan has been successfully registered at 91% in benign prostatic hyperplasia, 85% in cancer, 89% in prostatitis, and 88% in total prostatic scans. Furthermore, prostatic calculi were visible in the tomograms of both normal and abnormal prostates at a higher frequency than generally considered.