Muscle Fatigue Is Attenuated When Applying Intermittent Compared With Continuous Blood Flow Restriction During Endurance Cycling.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify a blood-flow-restriction (BFR) endurance exercise protocol that maximizes metabolic strain and minimizes muscle fatigue.

Methods: Twelve healthy participants accomplished 5 different interval cycling endurance exercises (2-min work, 1-min rest) in a randomized order: (1) control, low intensity with unrestricted blood flow (CON30); (2) low intensity with intermittent BFR (i-BFR30, ∼150 mm Hg); (3) low intensity with continuous BFR (c-BFR, ∼100 mm Hg); (4) unloaded cycling with i-BFR0 (∼150 mm Hg); and (5) high intensity (HI) with unrestricted blood flow. Force production, creatine kinase activity, antioxidant markers, blood pH, and potassium (K+) were measured in a range of 5 minutes before and after each cycling exercise protocol.

Mitochondrial Fusion, Fission, and Mitophagy in Cardiac Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Mitochondria play a critical role in the physiology of the heart by controlling cardiac metabolism, function, and remodeling. Accumulation of fragmented and damaged mitochondria is a hallmark of cardiac diseases. Disruption of quality control systems that maintain mitochondrial number, size, and shape through fission/fusion balance and mitophagy results in dysfunctional mitochondria, defective mitochondrial segregation, impaired cardiac bioenergetics, and excessive oxidative stress.

Impaired dopamine metabolism is linked to fatigability in mice and fatigue in Parkinson's disease patients.

Fatigue is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease that compromises significantly the patients' quality of life. Despite that, fatigue has been under-recognized as symptom, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and there is no adequate treatment so far. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, eliciting the classical motor symptoms including slowing of movements, muscular rigidity and resting tremor.

Publicly Available Rehabilitation Protocols Designated for Meniscal Repairs Are Highly Variable.

Purpose: To compare publicly available rehabilitation protocols designated for meniscal repairs published online to determine the variability in meniscus repair protocols including different types of tears (radial vs nonradial repairs).

Methods: From the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access System (FREIDA), a list of publicly available academic residency programs and orthopaedic sports medicine fellowships was obtained. With this list, an electronic search using Google was performed looking for meniscal repair rehabilitation protocols.