Leucocyte subpopulations in the seminal plasma and their effects on fertilisation rates in an IVF cycle.

Controversy exists on the role of leucocytospermia on fertilisation rates and IVF outcomes. The aim of our study was to identify the effect of leucocytes and leucocyte subpopulations on fertilisation rates in an IVF cycle. A prospective comparative study of the leucocyte subpopulations of seminal fluid of partners of women attending an IVF cycle was conducted.

Detection of subpopulations of leucocytes in different subgroups of semen sample qualities.

The role of leucocytospermia in male subfertility is a much debated topic despite being a frequent finding. This study aimed to identify the role of leucocytes, leucocyte subpopulations and natural killer cells in male subfertility. Seventy-sex subfertile men attending a regional andrology unit were recruited into this prospective study and subdivided into groups based on their semen analysis.

Development and in vitro testing of a new method of urine preparation for retrograde ejaculation; the Liverpool solution.

Objective: To design a new method for oral preparation of urine for sperm retrieval after retrograde ejaculation (RE) and to test the motility of sperm exposed to prepared and unprepared urine.

Design: In vitro testing of urine conditions and sperm motility.

Setting: Assisted conception unit at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.

Androgen receptors are expressed in a variety of human fetal extragenital tissues: an immunohistochemical study.

Aim: To investigate the expression of androgen receptors in the extragenital tissues of developing human embryo.

Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the distribution of androgen receptor (AR) in the extragenital tissues of paraffin-embedded tissue sections of first trimester (8-12 weeks gestation) human embryos. Gender was determined by polymerized chain reaction.

Necrospermia, antisperm antibodies, and vasectomy.

Objective: To present a case of necrospermia and antisperm antibodies after vasectomy reversal and in which motile sperm, subsequently used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment, was found after testicular sperm retrieval.

Design: Case report and literature review.

Setting: Reproductive medicine unit based in a women's hospital in the United Kingdom.