Reanalysis of Urothelial Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy Trials With Differential Censoring.

Importance: Three similar phase 3 randomized clinical trials have investigated PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 protein/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) inhibitors in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (IMvigor130, atezolizumab; KEYNOTE-361, pembrolizumab; and CheckMate901, nivolumab). Only CheckMate901 reported overall survival (OS) benefit for the combination. The reason for these inconsistent results is unclear.

Smartphone Thermal Imaging as an Adjunct to Identify Free Flap Perforators and Assisting Flap Design: A Pilot Study.

Background: The main technique for identification of free flap perforator vessels is Doppler sonography, which is not always accurate, user dependent and affected by the patient's body habitus.

Methods: Adult patients undergoing head and neck resection and free flap reconstruction at two academic institutions were enrolled. Doppler sonography was used to identify perforators, and were marked using a skin marker.

Multi-Institutional Comparison of Quality of Life Between Open Versus Endoscopic Skull Base Approaches.

Objectives: The primary objective of this prospective review was to compare quality of life between patients undergoing endoscopic and open skull base approaches.

Study Type And Design: Prospective Review.

Methods: Five centers recruited consecutive patients treated surgically for skull base neoplasms between 2012 to 2018.

Changes in Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio During Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Mortality remains elevated during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (VA-ECMO) for cardiogenic shock and the role of inflammation is uncertain. By using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), we investigated inflammatory dynamics during VA-ECMO and their relation to clinical outcomes. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted.

Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid α-Synuclein Seeding Activity Predicts Central Lewy Body Diseases.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein seeding activity (SSA) via a seed amplification assay might predict central Lewy body diseases (LBD) in at-risk individuals.

Objective: The aim was to assess CSF SSA in a prospective, longitudinal study.

Methods: Participants self-reported risk factors were genetics, olfactory dysfunction, dream enactment behavior, orthostatic intolerance, or hypotension; individuals who had ≥3 confirmed risk factors underwent CSF sampling and were followed for up to 7.