Impact of Multi-Scattered LiDAR Returns in Fog.

In the context of autonomous driving, the augmentation of existing data through simulations provides an elegant solution to the challenge of capturing the full range of adverse weather conditions in training datasets. However, existing physics-based augmentation models typically rely on single scattering approximations to predict light propagation under unfavorable conditions, such as fog. This can prevent the reproduction of important signal characteristics encountered in a real-world environment.

Visualization of Pulpal Structures by SWIR in Endodontic Access Preparation.

Endodontic access preparation is one of the initial steps in root canal treatments and can be hindered by the obliteration of pulp canals and formation of tertiary dentin. Until now, methods for direct intraoperative visualization of the 3-dimensional anatomy of teeth have been missing. Here, we evaluate the use of shortwave infrared radiation (SWIR) for navigation during stepwise access preparation.

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Imaging of Custom-Made Multi-Cylinder Phantoms: Theory and Experiment.

In this work, the image formation in a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) is investigated for custom-made multi-cylinder phantoms. The cylinder structures were fabricated using 3D direct laser writing and consist of parallel cylinders with radii of 5 and 10 μm for the respective multi-cylinder phantom, with overall dimensions of about 200×200×200 μm3. Measurements were performed for different refractive index differences and by varying other parameters of the measurement system, such as pinhole size or numerical aperture (NA).

Imaging of custom-made single scatterers with the confocal laser scanning microscope.

In this work, we investigate image formation in the confocal laser scanning microscope for different single scatterers, both theoretically and experimentally. For spherical scatterers, an effective and fast algorithm was implemented to calculate the confocal image for different diameters and wavelengths. Measurements on a polystyrene sphere (PS) with a diameter of 20 µm confirmed the expected effects, for example, the appearance of a central signal similar to the point spread function of the optical system.