Hyphal guidance and invasive growth in Candida albicans require the Ras-like GTPase Rsr1p and its GTPase-activating protein Bud2p.

Candida albicans, the most prevalent fungal pathogen of humans, causes superficial mycoses, invasive mucosal infections, and disseminated systemic disease. Many studies have shown an intriguing association between C. albicans morphogenesis and the pathogenesis process.

Cassettes for the PCR-mediated construction of regulatable alleles in Candida albicans.

The recent availability of genome sequence information for the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans has greatly facilitated the ability to perform genetic manipulations in this organism. Two important molecular tools for studying gene function are regulatable promoters for generating conditional mutants and fluorescent proteins for determining the subcellular localization of fusion gene products. We describe a set of plasmids containing promoter-GFP cassettes (P(MET3)-GFP, P(GAL1)-GFP, and P(PCK1)-GFP), linked to a selectable nutritional marker gene (URA3).

A conformational change in cytochrome c of apoptotic and necrotic cells is detected by monoclonal antibody binding and mimicked by association of the native antigen with synthetic phospholipid vesicles.

By flow cytometry, a conformational change in mouse cytochrome c (cyt c) of apoptotic and necrotic T hybridoma cells was detected using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes the region around amino acid residue 44 on a non-native form of the protein. The conformational change in cyt c is an early event in apoptosis, which can be identified in pre-apoptotic cells that are negative for other indicators of apoptosis. Since the mAb did not bind fixed and permeabilized live cells and did not immunoprecipitate soluble cyt c extracted with detergent from dead cells, it appears to recognize cyt cbound in a detergent-sensitive complex to other cellular components.