The potential impact of climate change on medication access and quality deserves far more attention.

Notwithstanding the obvious interconnection between humans and the world that they share with non-human inhabitants, the impact of our changing climate on certain aspects of the public health ecosystem has been under-investigated. We briefly describe some of the possible climate-induced changes in the procurement, distribution, access and use of medications, including those for animals generally and livestock specifically. A fuller understanding of the effect of climate change on medicine supply, access, use and quality, including how these affect antimicrobial resistance, would contribute to the further development of the "One Health" and "One Health Systems" concepts.

Head Circumference Versus Length and Weight Deficits up to 2 Years of Age in Bangladesh.

Infant undernutrition, defined by length- and weight-based indices, is common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but corresponding deficits in head size have received less attention. In a cohort of term newborns in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we compared the severity of deficits (vs. World Health Organization Growth Standards) in head circumference (HC), length and weight at birth and every 3 months until 2 years of age (n range across timepoints: 843-920).

Spatial modelling to identify high-risk zones for the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in hyperendemic urban environments: A case study of Mashhad, Iran.

Spatial modelling was employed to identify high-risk zones for the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in hyperendemic urban environments, focusing on Mashhad, Iran. Data analysis from 3033 CL patients (2016-2020) integrated socio-demographic, environmental, and geological factors using negative binomial regression and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) model. Findings indicate that 42.

Predicting severe COVID-19 using readily available admission indicators: SpO2/FiO2 ratio, comorbidity index, and gender.

The focus of this study was to identify risk factors for severe and critical COVID-19, evaluate local respiratory immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and develop a prognostic tool for COVID-19 severity using accessible early indicators. Using nasopharyngeal swab samples from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 of varying severity during the first wave of the pandemic from March to May 2020 in Louisiana, we evaluated the association between COVID-19 severity and viral load, respiratory immune mediators, and demographic/clinical factors. We found that the SpO/FiO ratio at triage, total comorbidity burden (represented by Charlson Comorbidity Index), and gender were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity.