Minimally invasive holographic surface scanning for soft-tissue image registration.

Recent advances in registration have extended intrasurgical image guidance from its origins in bone-based procedures to new applications in soft tissues, thus enabling visualization of spatial relationships between surgical instruments and subsurface structures before incisions begin. Preoperative images are generally registered to soft tissues through aligning segmented volumetric image data with an intraoperatively sensed cloud of organ surface points. However, there is currently no viable noncontact minimally invasive scanning technology that can collect these points through a single laparoscopic port, which limits wider adoption of soft-tissue image guidance.

Subhertz spectral fluctuations from high-density excitons in coupled quantum wells.

In 1994 Butov et al. [Phys. Rev.