Synthesis of modular dipeptide mimetics on the basis of diazabicycloalkanes and derivatives thereof with sulphur containing side chains.

We present the synthesis of new modular dipeptide mimetics based on diazabicycloalkane backbones. These diazabicycloalkanes are ligands for the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a well known tumor marker. Our previously described synthetic route to enantiomerically pure diazabicycloalkanes is extended to yield polyfunctional diazabicycloalkanes with a modular character using a new ring closing methodology.

Impact of automated technology on the cervical cytologic smear. A comparison of cost.

The cervical cytologic screening test for cervical cancer is the largest-volume cancer screening test currently conducted predominantly without the advantage of process automation. Much attention has been directed toward commercial application of automated technology to support both quality enhancement and productivity gain in cervical cytology screening. Several systems are now available for clinical application that address various aspects of cervical cytologic screening automation.

Computerized training and proficiency testing. International Academy of Cytology Task Force summary. Diagnostic Cytology Towards the 21st Century: An International Expert Conference and Tutorial.

Issues: Computerized technologies probably will revolutionize the field of gynecologic cytology in the next century. Such technologies will be useful in both training and evaluating proficiency. However, manual screening/review of gynecologic cytology preparations is the current "gold standard" for both training and assessment of proficiency.

Quality assurance/control issues. International Academy of Cytology Task Force summary. Diagnostic Cytology Towards the 21st Century: An International Expert Conference and Tutorial.

Issues: General definitions of quality assurance and quality control (QA/C) have existed in many forms for decades, and a new discipline guides their application to diverse industrial and recently medical processes without much fanfare. However, in the field of cervical cytology screening, the range of QA/C options has recently broadened and become controversial. With the advent of new systems of terminology, larger-scale laboratories and new technologies--plus strong governmental and legal pressures in some nations--the range of extremely difficult and sometimes expensive QA/C choices our community faces is greater than ever.

The AcCell series 2000 as a support system for training and evaluation in educational and clinical settings.

Providing effective training, retraining and evaluation programs, including proficiency testing programs, for cytoprofessionals is a challenge shared by many academic and clinical educators internationally. In cytopathology the quality of training has immediately transferable and critically important impacts on satisfactory performance in the clinical setting. Well-designed interactive computer-assisted instruction and testing programs have been shown to enhance initial learning and to reinforce factual and conceptual knowledge.