Chemical and enzymatic methodologies for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure glyceraldehyde 3-phosphates.

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphates are important intermediates of many central metabolic pathways in a large number of living organisms. d-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (d-GAP) is a key intermediate during glycolysis and can as well be found in a variety of other metabolic pathways. The opposite enantiomer, l-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (l-GAP), has been found in a few exciting new pathways.

Molecular analysis of carbohydrate-antibody interactions: case study using a Bacillus anthracis tetrasaccharide.

The process for selecting potent and effective carbohydrate antigens is not well-established. A combination of synthetic glycan microarray screening, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy was used to dissect the antibody-binding surface of a carbohydrate antigen, revealing crucial binding elements with atomic-level detail. This analysis takes the first step toward uncovering the rules for structure-based design of carbohydrate antigens.

Asymmetric PPCys: strongly fluorescing NIR labels.

By a stepwise synthesis strategy biofunctionalized Pyrrolopyrrole Cyanines (PPCy) with an asymmetric substitution pattern were obtained. These exhibit extremely strong and narrowband NIR absorption and fluorescence. Internalization of a peptide bound PPCy is demonstrated using live cell microscopy.

Copper-free monomeric and dendritic palladium catalysts for the Sonogashira reaction: substituent effects, synthetic applications, and the recovery and re-use of the catalysts.

A series of bis(tert-butylphosphine)- and bis(cyclohexylphosphine)-functionalized Pd(II) monomers and polyamino (DAB) dendritic catalysts were synthesized and investigated for Sonogashira carbon-carbon coupling reactions in a copper-free procedure. The influence of phosphine substituents (tBu versus Cy) on the reaction kinetics was investigated by a GPC technique to monitor the reactions. The dendritic catalysts containing the cyclohexylphosphine ligands could be recovered and reused without loss of efficiency until the fifth cycle.

Copper-free, recoverable dendritic Pd catalysts for the Sonogashira reaction.

Three generations of bidentate phosphinated Pd(II) dendrimers are efficient catalysts in the absence of copper co-catalyst for the Sonogashira reaction and are, with two cyclohexyl substituents on the phosphorus atoms, recovered by precipitation and re-used.