The effect of electron backscatter and charge build up in media on beam current transformer signal for ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) electron beam monitoring.

Beam current transformers (BCT) are promising detectors for real-time beam monitoring in ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron radiotherapy. However, previous studies have reported a significant sensitivity of the BCT signal to changes in source-to-surface distance (SSD), field size, and phantom material which have until now been attributed to the fluctuating levels of electrons backscattered within the BCT. The purpose of this study is to evaluate this hypothesis, with the goal of understanding and mitigating the variations in BCT signal due to changes in irradiation conditions.

[The monitoring of oral anticancer medicines administered at home].

Anticancer medicines evolve in terms of their mode of action as well as their galenics. The advent of oral therapies has multiple benefits such as the possibility of taking the treatments at home. However, what are the implications with regard to compliance, the management of side effects and the community-hospital relationship? Elderly patients, often isolated, taking several medicines and frail, are disorientated faced with all these medications and their side effects.

Vesicle Dynamics during Plant Cell Cytokinesis Reveals Distinct Developmental Phases.

Cell division in plant cells requires the deposition of a new cell wall between the two daughter cells. The assembly of this plate requires the coordinated movement of cargo vesicles whose size is below the diffraction-limited resolution of the optical microscope. We combined high spatial and temporal resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy with advanced image-processing tools and fluorescence fluctuation methods and distinguished three distinct phases during cell plate expansion in tobacco () 'Bright Yellow-2' cells: massive delivery of preexisting vesicles to a disk-shaped region at the equatorial plane precedes a primary rapid expansion phase followed by a secondary, slow expansion phase during which the extremity of the circular plate seeks contact with the mother wall and brings about the separation of the two portions of cytoplasm.

Actomyosin-dependent dynamic spatial patterns of cytoskeletal components drive mesoscale podosome organization.

Podosomes are cytoskeletal structures crucial for cell protrusion and matrix remodelling in osteoclasts, activated endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. In these cells, hundreds of podosomes are spatially organized in diversely shaped clusters. Although we and others established individual podosomes as micron-sized mechanosensing protrusive units, the exact scope and spatiotemporal organization of podosome clustering remain elusive.

Collapsin response mediator protein 4 regulates growth cone dynamics through the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton.

Coordinated control of the growth cone cytoskeleton underlies axon extension and guidance. Members of the collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) family of cytosolic phosphoproteins regulate the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton, but their roles in regulating growth cone dynamics remain largely unexplored. Here, we examine how CRMP4 regulates the growth cone cytoskeleton.