Axonal transcriptome reveals upregulation of PLK1 as a protective mechanism in response to increased DNA damage in FUS spinal motor neurons.

Mutations in the gene ( ) are among the most frequently occurring genetic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Early pathogenesis of -ALS involves impaired DNA damage response and axonal degeneration. However, it is still poorly understood how these gene mutations lead to selective spinal motor neuron (MN) degeneration and how nuclear and axonal phenotypes are linked.

Superior target genes and pathways for RNAi-mediated pest control revealed by genome-wide analysis in the beetle Tribolium castaneum.

Background: An increasing human population, the emergence of resistances against pesticides and their potential impact on the environment call for the development of new eco-friendly pest control strategies. RNA interference (RNAi)-based pesticides have emerged as a new option with the first products entering the market. Essentially, double-stranded RNAs targeting essential genes of pests are either expressed in the plants or sprayed on their surface.

The Effect of Annotation Quality on Wear Semantic Segmentation by CNN.

In this work, we investigate the impact of annotation quality and domain expertise on the performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for semantic segmentation of wear on titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbonitride (TiCN) coated end mills. Using an innovative measurement system and customized CNN architecture, we found that domain expertise significantly affects model performance. Annotator 1 achieved maximum mIoU scores of 0.

Polygenic Risk Scores Validated in Patient-Derived Cells Stratify for Mitochondrial Subtypes of Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: The aim of our study is to better understand the genetic architecture and pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). We hypothesized that a fraction of iPD patients may harbor a combination of common variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes ultimately resulting in neurodegeneration.

Methods: We used mitochondria-specific polygenic risk scores (mitoPRSs) and created pathway-specific mitoPRSs using genotype data from different iPD case-control datasets worldwide, including the Luxembourg Parkinson's Study (412 iPD patients and 576 healthy controls) and COURAGE-PD cohorts (7,270 iPD cases and 6,819 healthy controls).

Glycolic acid and D-lactate-putative products of DJ-1-restore neurodegeneration in FUS - and SOD1-ALS.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) leads to death within 2-5 yr. Currently, available drugs only slightly prolong survival. We present novel insights into the pathophysiology of (SOD1)- and in particular (FUS)-ALS by revealing a supposedly central role of glycolic acid (GA) and D-lactic acid (DL)-both putative products of the Parkinson's disease associated glyoxylase DJ-1.