Optimal strategy to certify quantum nonlocality.

Certification of quantum nonlocality plays a central role in practical applications like device-independent quantum cryptography and random number generation protocols. These applications entail the challenging problem of certifying quantum nonlocality, something that is hard to achieve when the target quantum state is only weakly entangled, or when the source of errors is high, e.g.

Isoentangled Mutually Unbiased Bases, Symmetric Quantum Measurements, and Mixed-State Designs.

Discrete structures in Hilbert space play a crucial role in finding optimal schemes for quantum measurements. We solve the problem of whether a complete set of five isoentangled mutually unbiased bases exists in dimension four, providing an explicit analytical construction. The reduced density matrices of these 20 pure states forming this generalized quantum measurement form a regular dodecahedron inscribed in a sphere of radius sqrt[3/20] located inside the Bloch ball of radius 1/2.

Steering is an essential feature of non-locality in quantum theory.

A physical theory is called non-local when observers can produce instantaneous effects over distant systems. Non-local theories rely on two fundamental effects: local uncertainty relations and steering of physical states at a distance. In quantum mechanics, the former one dominates the other in a well-known class of non-local games known as XOR games.

Five Measurement Bases Determine Pure Quantum States on Any Dimension.

A long-standing problem in quantum mechanics is the minimum number of observables required for the characterization of unknown pure quantum states. The solution to this problem is especially important for the developing field of high-dimensional quantum information processing. In this work we demonstrate that any pure d-dimensional state is unambiguously reconstructed by measuring five observables, that is, via projective measurements onto the states of five orthonormal bases.

Leishmania donovani: differential activities of classical topoisomerase inhibitors and antileishmanials against parasite and host cells at the level of DNA topoisomerase I and in cytotoxicity assays.

Different classes of topoisomerase (TOP) inhibitors and antitrypanosomatid agents exhibited variable efficacies against Leishmania donovani parasites and human mononuclear cells both at the level of DNA topoisomerase I (TOPI) catalytic activity and in cytotoxicity assays. Bis-benzimidazoles and the diamidine diminazene aceturate exhibited uniformly high efficacies against parasite and host enzymes as well as against parasite and mononuclear cells, but pentamidine showed around 2 orders of magnitude greater specificity for Leishmania TOPI and amastigote cells (P<0.05).