Type IV optic nerve and Onodi cell: is there a risk of injury during sphenoid sinus surgery?

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and types of Onodi cells through computed tomography and investigate the relationship between Onodi cell and the surrounding structures, paying particular attention to the risky proximity to the optic nerve canal.

Methods: In this study, 430 computed tomography scans of paranasal sinuses were analysed to establish the prevalence and different types of Onodi cells. Furthermore, the relationship between Onodi cell and different patterns of sphenoid sinus pneumatisation and surrounding structures were investigated.

A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing target prostate biopsy alone approach vs. target plus standard in naïve patients with positive mpMRI.

Background: In the era of mpMRI guided target fusion biopsy (FB), the role of concomitant standard biopsy (SB) in naïve patients still remains under scrutiny. The aim of this study was to compare the detection rate (DR) of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in biopsy naïve patients with positive mpMRI who underwent FB alone (Arm A) vs FB+SB (Arm B). Secondary objectives were to compare the incidence of complications, the overall PCa DR and the biopsy results with final pathological findings after robotic prostatectomy (RARP).

Atypical Multiple Sclerosis Lesions or Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Lesions: That Is the Question.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a serious infective disease of the central nervous system that may occur in case of severe immunosuppression or after some treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) with natalizumab, dimethyl fumarate, and fingolimod. In these case reports, we highlight the importance of differential diagnosis between PML and MS lesions in order to provide rapidly the best treatment option, by discussing the finding of brain (magnetic resonance imaging) MRI suggestive for PML in 2 MS patients, one treated with dimethyl fumarate and the other during natalizumab withdrawal. In both cases, although brain MRI was highly suggestive for PML, the detection of John Cunningham virus-DNA copies in cerebrospinal fluid resulted in negative result.