Barriers and Enablers to Maintaining Behaviour Changes Following a Lifestyle Intervention for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Aim: To explore short-term barriers and enablers to maintaining behaviour changes in adults with type 2 diabetes who had completed a lifestyle behaviour change program.

Methods: Focus groups with 44 participants identified barriers and enablers at the end-of-program (n = 8 groups: ); and, 1-month post-program (n = 6 groups: ). Thematic inductive analysis was undertaken independently by two authors, discussed, then deductively grouped according to the Capability (physical, psychological), Opportunity (physical, social), Motivation (automatic, reflective) - Behaviour (COM-B) model.

Synthesis and conformational analysis of pyran inter-halide analogues of ᴅ-talose.

In this work, we describe the synthesis of halogenated pyran analogues of ᴅ-talose using a halo-divergent strategy from known 1,6-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-2,3-difluoro-β-ᴅ-mannopyranose. In solution and in the solid-state, all analogues adopt standard -like conformations despite 1,3-diaxial repulsion between the F2 and the C4 halogen. Moreover, the solid-state conformational analysis of halogenated pyrans reveals deviation in the intra-annular torsion angles arising from repulsion between the axial fluorine at C2 and the axial halogen at C4, which increases with the size of the halogen at C4 (F < Cl < Br < I).

Convergent Synthesis of a Group B Type III Epitope Toward a Semisynthetic Carbohydrate-Based Vaccine.

In this work, we synthesized an hexasaccharide derived from the capsular polysaccharide of group B type III capsular polysaccharide. Our convergent 3 + 3 strategy avoided the use of benzyl protecting groups allowing the installation of an azide anchoring group and providing a high yield for the final deprotection steps. Moreover, the minimal hexasaccharidic epitope was conjugated to CRM and BSA via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition for the preparation of a semisynthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine.

Early skills that predict English reading ability: A longitudinal study of bilingual children from 5 to 10 years.

Despite substantial research, the contribution of oral language skills acquired in Spanish to Spanish-English bilingual children's acquisition of English reading skill is unclear. The current study addressed this question with data on the oral language and pre-literacy skills of 101 Spanish-English bilingual learners at 5 years of age and their English word reading (i.e.

Bilingual Children's Vocabulary Skills at 5 Years Predict Reading Comprehension Development Within, Not Across, Languages.

Extensive evidence indicates that early vocabulary skills predict later reading development among monolingually developing children. Some evidence suggests that a relationship between vocabulary and later reading also holds across languages among children whose home language differs from the school language. However, these findings have been mixed and it remains unclear if, and under what circumstances, vocabulary in one language supports reading comprehension development in another.