Expandable intramedullary nails for fixation of tibial shaft fractures.

Interlocking intramedullary nailing is currently the preferred treatment for most tibial fractures requiring operative treatment, with good results and a relatively low complication rate as reported in large clinical series. However, vascular and neurological complications caused by interlocking screws have been reported. In addition, insertion of distal interlocking screws can be technically demanding and may entail substantial exposure.

Anterior cruciate ligament tears: conservative or surgical treatment? A critical review of the literature.

Purpose: Is it rational to recommend surgical reconstruction of the torn anterior cruciate ligament to every patient? Is conservative management still a valid option?

Method: Through a literature review, we looked for the arguments from each side and checked their validity.

Results: Unfortunately results of most studies cannot be compared because of the following reasons not exhaustively cited: studied populations differed with respect to age, sex, professional and sports activity level, lesions associated with ACL rupture, patient recruitment methods, time from injury to treatment and different therapeutic modalities. Furthermore, various methods were used to evaluate the clinical and radiological results and there was no consensus of their interpretation.

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia.

We describe a 13-year-old boy with atrophic tibial pseudarthrosis associated with neurofibromatosis who had undergone nine unsuccessful operations. Eventually, union was obtained by the use of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in conjunction with intramedullary stabilisation and autologous bone graft.

[Subnormal functional activity in a neglected posterior dislocation of the shoulder].

The incidence of posterior shoulder dislocation ranges between 2 and 5% of glenohumeral dislocations. The mechanisms most frequently involved are trauma, grand-mal seizures and electrocutions. This lesion remains a diagnostic trap, due to paucity or even lack of clinical signs, and to the apparent normality of the anteroposterior radiograph of the shoulder.