Affective Polarization in Comparative and Longitudinal Perspective.

Existent research shows that affective polarization has been intensifying in some publics, diminishing in others, and remaining stable in most. We contribute to this debate by providing the most encompassing comparative and longitudinal account of affective polarization so far. We resort to a newly assembled dataset able to track partisan affect, with varying time series, in eighteen democracies over the last six decades.

The Electoral Consequences of Affective Polarization? Negative Voting in the 2020 US Presidential Election.

About one third of American voters cast a vote more "against" than "for" a candidate in the 2020 Presidential election. This pattern, designated by negative voting, has been initially understood by rational choice scholarship as a product of cognitive dissonance and/or retrospective evaluations. This article revisits this concept through the affective polarization framework in the light of the rise of political sectarianism in American society.

Negativity and Political Behavior: A Theoretical Framework for the Analysis of Negative Voting in Contemporary Democracies.

Recent developments in Western societies have motivated a growing consideration of the role of negativity in public opinion and political behavior research. In this article, we review the scant (and largely disconnected) scientific literature on negativity and political behavior, merging contributions from social psychology, public opinion, and electoral research, with a view on developing an integrated theoretical framework for the study of negative voting in contemporary democracies. We highlight that the tendency toward negative voting is driven by three partly overlapping components, namely, (1) an instrumental-rational component characterized by retrospective performance evaluations and rationalization mechanisms, (2) an ideological component grounded on long-lasting political identities, and (3) an affective component, motivated by (negative) attitudes toward parties and candidates.

Longitudinal dataset of political issue-positions of 411 parties across 28 European countries (2009-2019) from voting advice applications EU profiler and euandi.

This data article provides a descriptive overview of the "EU Profiler/euandi trend file (2009-2019)" dataset and the data collection methods. The dataset compiles party position data from three consecutive pan-European Voting Advice Applications (VAAs), developed by the European University Institute for the European Parliament elections in 2009, 2014 and 2019. It includes the positions of 411 parties from 28 European countries on a wide range of salient political issues.

Accuracy of hysteroscopic diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia: a retrospective study of 323 patients.

Study Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopic view in endometrial hyperplasia.

Design: Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: Public hospital in northern Italy.