Impact of stormwater on biofilm density and microbial community composition in water distribution networks.

Harvesting of stormwater and injecting it into aquifers for storage and recovery during high water demand periods is a promising technology for augmenting conventional water reserves. However, little has been known on how stormwater impacts the biofouling of water distribution infrastructure. This study evaluated the effect on harvested and limestone aquifer treated stormwater on biofilm formation in a pilot distribution pipe network compared to an identical drinking water pipe rig.

Immunization but not natural infection of horses results in antibody activity against the S protein of Streptococcus equi subsp equi.

Objective: Evaluate the immunogenicity of a vaccine targeting the S protein (Ssee) of Streptococcus equi subsp equi and determine antibody activity against Ssee in horses with strangles.

Methods: The study was designed as a prospective experiment using 20 university-owned Quarter Horses and a cross-sectional serosurvey of 78 privately owned horses with strangles. Horses were immunized IM with 0 (n = 4), 200 (n = 8), or 400 (n = 8) μg of recombinant Ssee at weeks 0, 4, and 12.

Pathobiont-driven antibody sialylation through IL-10 undermines vaccination.

The pathobiont Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) induces nonprotective antibody imprints that underlie ineffective staphylococcal vaccination. However, the mechanism by which Sa modifies antibody activity is not clear. Herein, we demonstrate that IL-10 is the decisive factor that abrogates antibody protection in mice.

Cytochrome c levels link mitochondrial function to plant growth and stress responses through changes in SnRK1 pathway activity.

Energy is required for growth as well as for multiple cellular processes. During evolution, plants developed regulatory mechanisms to adapt energy consumption to metabolic reserves and cellular needs. Reduced growth is often observed under stress, leading to a growth-stress trade-off that governs plant performance under different conditions.

Quantifying Social Connectedness in Parkinson's Disease: Reliability and Validity of a Clinical Assessment Toolkit.

Background: Loneliness and isolation impact health detrimentally but are understudied in Parkinson's disease (PD). Outcome measurement properties for social connection remain unexplored in PD.

Objective: To evaluate the measurement properties of six social connection outcomes in PD.