Advancements and applications of artificial intelligence in cardiovascular imaging: a comprehensive review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming cardiovascular imaging by offering advancements across multiple modalities, including echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CCT), cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), interventional cardiology, nuclear medicine, and electrophysiology. This review explores the clinical applications of AI within each of these areas, highlighting its ability to improve patient selection, reduce image acquisition time, enhance image optimization, facilitate the integration of data from different imaging modality and clinical sources, improve diagnosis and risk stratification. Moreover, we illustrate both the advantages and the limitations of AI across these modalities, acknowledging that while AI can significantly aid in diagnosis, risk stratification, and workflow efficiency, it cannot replace the expertise of cardiologists.

[Potassium role in the human body and clinical implications of hyperkalemia].

Potassium is the most represented intracellular electrolyte in the human body. Its extracellular levels are maintained within strict limits through different mechanisms, which constitute the homeostasis of potassium. Hyperkalemia is the most common electrolyte disorder in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Two still unanswered questions about uric acid and cardiovascular prevention: Is a specific uric acid cut-off needed? Is hypouricemic treatment able to reduce cardiovascular risk?

Aims: The most frequent consequence of elevated uric acid (UA) levels is the development of gout and urate kidney disease. Besides these effects, several studies have investigated the association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular (CV) disease. High serum UA has been identified as an important determinant of all-cause and CV mortality and CV events (acute and chronic coronary syndrome, stroke and peripheral artery disease).

[ANMCO Statement: semaglutide in cardio-nephro-metabolic disorders].

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic agent in the management of the cardio-renal-metabolic continuum. Initially developed for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, its benefits extend far beyond glucose regulation. Clinical trials have demonstrated semaglutide's potential to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events, particularly in overweight/obese patients with high cardiovascular risk, as well as improving functional capacity in patients suffering from heart failure with preserved left ventricular function.