The role of CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ and neutrophile to lymphocyte ratio in predicting and determining COVID-19 severity in Indonesian patients.

Background: Biomarkers that are cost-effective and accurate for predicting severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed. We would like to assess the role of various inflammatory biomarkers on admission as disease severity predictors and determine the optimal cut-off of the neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for predicting severe COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in six hospitals in Bali and recruited real-time PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients aged >18 y from June to August 2020.

Rearing performance of black soldier fly () on municipal biowaste in the outdoor ambient weather conditions of Pakistan and Indonesia.

The availability and continuous supply of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is crucial for efficient operation of a BSF biowaste recycling facility. Its rearing performance was for the first time investigated in Pakistan under outdoor ambient weather conditions. Comparison of the findings with the BSF rearing performance of Indonesia's facility highlights the life stages needing special attention.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia.

Introduction: The spectrum of illness and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may vary. This study reports the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia, and evaluates the diagnostic value of their clinical symptoms.

Method: This observational study was conducted in eight hospitals.

Serological cross-reaction and coinfection of dengue and COVID-19 in Asia: Experience from Indonesia.

Similar symptoms and laboratory findings between dengue and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pose a diagnostic challenge in some dengue-endemic countries in Asia. In this study, we reported three cases of suspected COVID-19-dengue coinfection in hospitals of Bali, Indonesia. Serological data demonstrated that patients with positive results for dengue virus (DENV) NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM were also reactive to COVID-19 rapid antibody tests, suggesting dengue-COVID-19 coinfection.