Publications by authors named "D G Rodionov"
is a dominant member of the human gut microbiome and produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These promote immune system function and inhibit inflammation, making this microbe important for human health. Lactate is a primary source of gut SCFAs but its utilization by has not been explored.
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- Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a condition impacting the small intestine, frequently seen in stunted children, characterized by damaged gut barrier and reduced nutrient absorption.
- A study with gnotobiotic mice showed that specific bacterial strains from stunted children can cause inflammation and immune changes similar to those found in EED, impacting gut and brain function.
- The research highlights a strain, Campylobacter concisus, as a potential contributor to gut issues, suggesting that targeting small intestinal microbiota could lead to new treatments for undernutrition across generations.
Synthetic glycans (SGs) containing glycosidic linkages and structures not identified in nature offer a means for deliberately altering microbial community properties. Here pools of SG oligosaccharides were generated via polymerization of monosaccharides and screened for their ability to increase saccharolytic Bacteroides in ex vivo cultures of human fecal samples. A lead SG preparation was orally administered to gnotobiotic mice harboring a consortium of 56 cultured, phylogenetically diverse human gut bacteria and fed a Western diet.
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- A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Bangladesh on children aged 12-18 months, comparing a microbiome-directed complementary food (MDCF-2) with a calorically dense standard food, revealing better weight-for-length improvement in those treated with MDCF-2.
- The study also found significant protein and microbiome changes associated with the recovery process, suggesting potential biomarkers for treatment response and the need for further research on MDCF efficacy.
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- Anaerocellum bescii is an anaerobic bacterium that ferments plant biomass into various byproducts, primarily acetate, and has been engineered for ethanol production, achieving titers over 130 mM compared to the previous 15 mM.
- Improved metabolic engineering techniques and a better understanding of the bacterium's physiology have contributed to this enhancement in ethanol generation.
- Key advancements include the expression of a modified alcohol dehydrogenase and optimized bioreactor conditions, paving the way for further improvements in metabolic engineering applications.