Mechanical characterisation of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the ankle at realistic sprain-like strain rates.

Background: Synthetic interventions continue to evolve with the progression made in materials science, surgical technologies and surgical methods. To facilitate the evolution of synthetic devices for lateral ankle repair a better understanding of the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) complex is required. This study aimed to improve understanding of the mechanical properties and failure modes of the LCL complex at strain rates representative of sprain.

Ensemble simulations: folding, unfolding and misfolding of a high-efficiency frameshifting RNA pseudoknot.

Massive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were conducted across a distributed computing network to study the folding, unfolding, misfolding and conformational plasticity of the high-efficiency frameshifting double mutant of the 26 nt potato leaf roll virus RNA pseudoknot. Our robust sampling, which included over 40 starting structures spanning the spectrum from the extended unfolded state to the native fold, yielded nearly 120 μs of cumulative sampling time. Conformational microstate transitions on the 1.

Comparative acceptability study of the Reality female condom and the version 4 of modified Reddy female condom in India.

Objective: Affordable, acceptable and effective female controlled options are required worldwide for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. We carried out a comparative acceptability study of Reality and Reddy (version 4) female condoms.

Methods: Sixty eligible couples were enrolled and randomly assigned to use either Reality or Reddy condom first.

Spontaneous common iliac arteriovenous fistula manifested by acute renal failure: a case report.

Arteriovenous fistulas between the common iliac vessels resulting from spontaneous rupture of aneurysms are rare, with only 31 cases having been reported since 1971. Clinical diagnosis is possible when a unique set of findings is present, namely high-output cardiac failure, a pulsatile abdominal mass associated with a bruit or thrill, and unilateral arterial insufficiency or venous engorgement. Recently, with advancements in diagnostic techniques, the number of cases in which an arteriovenous fistula is found between the common iliac vessels has increased.

Aortocoronary vein graft spasm: case report with brief review.

Some reports of coronary bypass spasm recently published in the literature aroused skepticism and discussions. Our own doubts were shared by many who have been doing coronary bypass angiography without ever finding such spasms. However, we report a case of a 45-year-old woman with spasm of a vein graft inadvertently induced by catheter manipulation.