Leptin augments IL-13-induced airway eotaxins and submucosal eosinophilia in obesity-associated asthma.

Background: Airway tissue eosinophilia can be an observed feature of obesity-associated type 2 (T2) asthma, but the processes mediating this inflammation are unknown.

Objective: To investigate a process whereby leptin, an adipokine elevated in obesity, potentiates pulmonary eosinophilia and eotaxin production by airway fibroblasts in T2 asthma.

Methods: We assessed associations between body mass index and airway eosinophilia as well as leptin and eotaxin production in 78 participants with asthma, 36 of whom exhibited obesity.

Age and Epstein-Barr viral load at diagnosis of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease are associated with patient survival in kidney transplant recipients.

Introduction: This study investigated variables associated with mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) diagnosed with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) and a simultaneous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study enrolling KTRs diagnosed with PTLD between 2018 and 2020. Outcome: death within two years after diagnosis.

A Modern Curriculum for Training Scientists in Model-Informed Drug Development: Progress Report on FDA Grant to Train Regulatory Scientists.

Under US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) grant (2U18FD005320-06), the Critical Path Institute (C-Path) and experienced private sector partners collaborated with global health organizations to create didactic video materials in an e-learning format on model-informed drug development (MIDD) topics relevant to a non-modeling audience. Several multinational pharmaceutical companies contributed case studies illustrating the application of the MIDD approach in practice. Training videos were created and divided into several modules: introducing the MIDD landscape for drug development and regulatory science, a review of various model types used for MIDD, discussions of how models inform drug development and regulatory decisions, future goals of MIDD, and discussions on the interconnectedness of models used for MIDD.

Transitioning to peritoneal dialysis: it does not matter where you come from.

Introduction: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) frequently change renal replacement (RRT) therapy modality due to medical or social reasons. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients under peritoneal dialysis (PD) according to the preceding RRT modality.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational single-center study in prevalent PD patients from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017, who were followed for 60 months or until they dropped out of PD.