Induction of P-glycoprotein expression and activity by prolactin in female rat liver.

Aim: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a critical role in the excretion of xenobiotics into bile. Previous studies have demonstrated that prolactin (PRL) regulates biotransformation and bile salt transport. Here we investigate whether the capability of the liver to transport xenobiotics into bile is altered in hyperprolactinemic states studying the modulation of hepatic P-gp by PRL.

Trait-density relationships explain performance in cladoceran zooplankton.

Traits have been used extensively to predict and understand performance in response to the abiotic environment, but their role for understanding competitive interactions is less understood, especially in nonplant systems. In this study, we evaluate how traits interact with intraspecific density to modulate performance (per capita birth rate) and whether the traits associated with intraspecific competitive ability are similar across multiple species. We used an experimental system of four cladoceran zooplankton species, experimentally manipulated the density of conspecifics, and measured a range of morphological and life history characteristics (body mass, body length, second antenna length, eye diameter, relative growth rate, age at first reproduction, and birth rate).

Arylsulfonyl histamine derivatives as powerful and selective α-glucosidase inhibitors.

A series of simple -arylbenzenesulfonyl histamine derivatives were prepared and screened against α-glucosidase. Inhibition was in the micromolar range for several , -di-arylsulfonyl compounds, with , -di-4-trifluorobenzenesulfonyl histamine () being the best inhibitor. Compound is a reversible and competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, and presented good selectivity with respect to other target enzymes, including β-glucosidase and α-amylase, and interesting predicted physicochemical properties.