Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles of the penultimate and last glacial period recorded in stalagmites from Türkiye.

The last glacial period is characterized by abrupt climate oscillations, also known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles. However, D-O cycles remain poorly documented in climate proxy records covering the penultimate glacial period. Here we present highly resolved and precisely dated speleothem time series from Sofular Cave in northern Türkiye to provide clear evidence for D-O cycles during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 as well as MIS 2-4.

Holocene climate change in southern Oman deciphered by speleothem records and climate model simulations.

Qunf Cave oxygen isotope (δO) record from southern Oman is one of the most significant of few Holocene Indian summer monsoon cave records. However, the interpretation of the Qunf δO remains in dispute. Here we provide a multi-proxy record from Qunf Cave and climate model simulations to reconstruct the Holocene local and regional hydroclimate changes.

Settlement, environment, and climate change in SW Anatolia: Dynamics of regional variation and the end of Antiquity.

This paper develops a regional dataset of change at 381 settlements for Lycia-Pamphylia in southwest Anatolia (Turkey) from volume 8 of the Tabula Imperii Byzantini-a compilation of historical toponyms and archaeological evidence. This region is rich in archaeological remains and high-quality paleo-climatic and -environmental archives. Our archaeological synthesis enables direct comparison of these datasets to discuss current hypotheses of climate impacts on historical societies.

Droughts and societal change: The environmental context for the emergence of Islam in late Antique Arabia.

In Arabia, the first half of the sixth century CE was marked by the demise of Himyar, the dominant power in Arabia until 525 CE. Important social and political changes followed, which promoted the disintegration of the major Arabian polities. Here, we present hydroclimate records from around Southern Arabia, including a new high-resolution stalagmite record from northern Oman.

Sulfate and Molybdate Incorporation at the Calcite-Water Interface: Insights from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics.

Sulfur and molybdenum trace impurities in speleothems (stalagmites and stalactites) can provide long and continuous records of volcanic activity, which are important for past climatic and environmental reconstructions. However, the chemistry governing the incorporation of the trace element-bearing species into the calcium carbonate phases forming speleothems is not well understood. Our previous work has shown that substitution of tetrahedral oxyanions [O] ( = S and Mo) replacing [CO] in CaCO bulk phases (except perhaps for vaterite) is thermodynamically unfavorable with respect to the formation of competing phases, due to the larger size and different shape of the [O] tetrahedral anions in comparison with the flat [CO] anions, which implied that most of the incorporation would happen at the surface rather than at the bulk of the mineral.