Prevalence and Role of a Low-Lying Peroneus Brevis Muscle Belly in Patients With Peroneal Tendon Pathologic Features: A Potential Source of Tendon Subluxation.

A peroneus brevis low-lying muscle belly (LLMB) is a rare anomaly. A few published studies have supported the presence of this anomaly as an etiology for a peroneal tendon tear. However, the association between a peroneus brevis LLMB and tendon subluxation has not been well explored.

Hydrides in liquid chloroaluminates.

Infrared spectroscopy shows that CaH(2) in liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium chloroaluminates reduces the cation in Lewis basic systems, does not affect the neutral salt, and forms AlCl(3)H(-) and eventually allanes in Lewis acidic systems. The AlCl(3)H(-) species can be determined by UV-vis spectroscopy through its reaction with 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone to form an alkoxide. While AlCl(3)H(-) reacts with protic species to give H(2), its electrochemical oxidation proceeds through H(ads), some of which is oxidized to H(+), which can be electrochemically reduced.

Phenolphthalein used to assess permeability of antibiotic-laden polymethylmethacrylate: a pilot study.

Elution of antibiotics from polymethylmethacrylate laden with antibiotics is dependent on the permeability of the polymethylmethacrylate. Increasing polymethylmethacrylate permeability by adding fillers has been suggested to increase antibiotic elution but the resulting increase in permeability has not been assessed directly. A simple method to assess polymethylmethacrylate permeability is proposed.

Effect of serum albumin on glycosaminoglycan inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation.

The interaction of proteins with hydroxyapatite (HAP), specifically proteoglycans and their spatial arms, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in addition to serum proteins, play an important role in regulating biological mineralisation. In this study, seeded HAP growth experiments revealed that inhibition of HAP formation by bovine serum albumin (BSA) was significantly elevated in combination with chondroitin 4-sulphate (C4S) versus BSA with heparin. Data suggest that C4S and BSA adsorb to different calcium sites on the HAP surface.

Capillary electrophoretic and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of interactions between halophenols and ionic liquid or tetraalkylammonium cations.

Aqueous capillary electrophoretic studies were performed to investigate interactions between halophenols and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate or tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate electrolytes. In both cases, increased halogen size correlated with increased affinity for the electrolyte cation. For isomers, the ortho substituted isomer exhibited higher affinity than the para isomer.