Structure-Function Correlations in the Mechanism of Action of Key Antiperspirant Agents Containing Al(III) and ZAG Salts.

Aluminum hydrolysis chemistry is an important part of modern society because of the dominance of Al(III) as a highly effective antiperspirant active. However, the century-old chemistry centered on aluminum chloride (ACL) is not comprehensive enough to address all of the events associated with current commercial antiperspirants and their mechanism of action. The present study aims to address the knowledge gap among extensively studied benchmark ACL, its modified version aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH), and a more complex but less explored group of aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate glycine complexes (ZAG salts) toward understanding the mechanism of action under consumer-relevant conditions.

Understanding the microbial basis of body odor in pre-pubescent children and teenagers.

Background: Even though human sweat is odorless, bacterial growth and decomposition of specific odor precursors in it is believed to give rise to body odor in humans. While mechanisms of odor generation have been widely studied in adults, little is known for teenagers and pre-pubescent children who have distinct sweat composition from immature apocrine and sebaceous glands, but are arguably more susceptible to the social and psychological impact of malodor.

Results: We integrated information from whole microbiome analysis of multiple skin sites (underarm, neck, and head) and multiple time points (1 h and 8 h after bath), analyzing 180 samples in total to perform the largest metagenome-wide association study to date on malodor.

A comparative clinical study of different hair removal procedures and their impact on axillary odor reduction in men.

Background: Axillary hair can influence the development of underarm odor in men.

Objective: To compare different hair removal procedures and their impact on the effectiveness of standard soap washing (SW) in reducing male axillary odor.

Methods: The axillae of healthy Caucasian males (N = 30; 18-48 years of age) were randomized in a non-crossover, split body design.

The microfluidics of the eccrine sweat gland, including biomarker partitioning, transport, and biosensing implications.

Non-invasive and accurate access of biomarkers remains a holy grail of the biomedical community. Human eccrine sweat is a surprisingly biomarker-rich fluid which is gaining increasing attention. This is especially true in applications of continuous bio-monitoring where other biofluids prove more challenging, if not impossible.

Thermoregulatory vs. event sweating--comparison of clinical methodologies, physiology and results.

Objectives: Although the mechanisms of sweating due to thermoregulation vs. stress are distinct, the antiperspirant industry focuses primarily on perspiration due to heat as their method of efficacy testing. To better understand the overall protection afforded by a 'Clinical Strength' over-the-counter antiperspirant product, we compare results from a standard hot-room study with results from two studies using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).