A Quadruple Gene-Deleted Live BoHV-1 Subunit RVFV Vaccine Vector Reactivates from Latency and Replicates in the TG Neurons of Calves but Is Not Transported to and Shed from Nasal Mucosa.

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) establishes lifelong latency in trigeminal ganglionic (TG) neurons following intranasal and ocular infection in cattle. Periodically, the latent virus reactivates in the TG due to stress and is transported anterogradely to nerve endings in the nasal epithelium, where the virus replicates and sheds. Consequently, BoHV-1 is transmitted to susceptible animals and maintained in the cattle population.

Fatal gastric amebiasis in a Linnaeus's two-toed sloth associated with infection.

Here we describe a case of fatal amebic gastritis associated with infection in an 11-mo-old Linnaeus's two-toed sloth (). The sloth had a history of weight loss and intermittent diarrhea for 18 d, and subsequently died despite empirical treatment. Postmortem findings included emaciation, gastric dilation with fluid content, and fibrinonecrotic gastritis with intralesional amebic trophozoites and cysts in the glandular region of the fundus.

Human risk to tick encounters in the southeastern United States estimated with spatial distribution modeling.

Expanding geographic distribution and increased populations of ticks has resulted in an upsurge of human-tick encounters in the United States (US), leading to an increase in tickborne disease reporting. Limited knowledge of the broadscale spatial range of tick species is heightened by a rapidly changing environment. Therefore, we partnered with the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the Forest Service, U.

A New Method for Creating Impact-Induced Intra-Articular Fractures in a Rabbit Model Induces Severe Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis.

Objectives: The objective of this work was to develop a model of intra-articular fracture (IAF) in a rabbit and document the speed and severity of degenerative joint changes after fracture fixation.

Methods: With Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee approval, impact-induced IAFs were created in the distal tibia of 16 New Zealand White rabbits. Fractures were fixed with a plate and screws.