tests of the TonB system working model-interaction of ExbB with unknown proteins, identification of TonB-ExbD transmembrane heterodimers and PMF-dependent ExbD structures.

The TonB system of resolves the dilemma posed by its outer membrane that protects it from a variety of external threats, but also constitutes a diffusion barrier to nutrient uptake. Our working model involves interactions among a set of cytoplasmic membrane-bound proteins: tetrameric ExbB that serves as a scaffold for a dimeric TonB complex (ExbB -TonB ), and also engages dimeric ExbD (ExbB -ExbD ). Through a set of synchronized conformational changes and movements these complexes are proposed to cyclically transduce cytoplasmic membrane protonmotive force to energize active transport of nutrients through TonB-dependent transporters in the outer membrane (described in Gresock et , J.

Economic impact of mortality prediction by predictive model at first and second treatment for bovine respiratory disease.

Objective: To evaluate a predictive model's ability to determine cattle mortality following first and second treatment for bovine respiratory disease and to understand the differences in net returns comparing predictive models to the status quo.

Methods: 2 boosted decision tree models were constructed, 1 using data known at first treatment and 1 with data known at second treatment. Then, the economic impact of each outcome (true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative) was estimated using various market values to determine the net return per head of using the predictive model to determine which animals should be culled at treatment.

Is it worthy to use environmental DNA instead of scientific trawling or video survey to monitor taxa in soft-bottom habitats?

Non-extractive techniques such as video analysis are increasingly used by scientists to study marine communities instead of extractive methods such as trawling. Currently, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is seen as a revolutionary tool to study taxonomic diversity. We aimed to determine which method is the most appropriate to describe fish and commercial invertebrate diversity comparing bottom trawl hauls, video transects and seawater eDNA.

Assessment of sustainable baits for passive fishing gears through automatic fish behavior recognition.

Low-impact fishing gear, such as fish pots, could help reduce human's impact on coastal marine ecosystems in fisheries but catch rates remain low and the harvest of resources used for baiting increases their environmental cost. Using black seabreams (Spondyliosoma cantharus) as target species in the Bay of Biscay, we developed and assessed the efficiency of biodegradable biopolymer-based baits (hereafter bio-baits) made of cockles (Cerastoderma edule) and different biopolymer concentrations. Through a suite of deep and machine learning models, we automatized both the tracking and behavior classification of seabreams based on quantitative metrics describing fish motion.

Determining the Economically Optimum Metaphylactic Strategy for Cattle Cohorts of Varied Demographic Characteristics.

Metaphylactic antibiotic use in feeder cattle is a common practice to control respiratory disease. Antimicrobial stewardship is important to ensure continued efficacy and to protect animal welfare. The objective of this study is to identify characteristics of cohorts of cattle that had not received metaphylaxis that would have benefited economically from the use of metaphylaxis.