Revaccination with pneumococcal vaccine of elderly persons 6 years after primary vaccination.

We vaccinated 15 persons, age 56 to 79 years, with 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and revaccinated them with 23-valent vaccine 6 years later to assess adverse reactions and booster responses of anticapsular antibodies. No systemic reactions occurred after administration of either vaccine. After booster vaccination, five vaccinees developed only mild soreness or tenderness at the site of injection.

Hippocampal lesions in rats alter learning about intramaze cues.

In these experiments, we used a new procedure to study cognitive mapping in normal rats and those with hippocampal lesions by observing their behavioral responses to a rearrangement of intramaze cues. Controls learned cognitive maps, and their goal-directed behavior was disrupted by a change in the cue sequence. A comparison of pre- and postoperatively trained rats with hippocampal lesions (HPLs) showed that hippocampal damage prevented the acquisition, but not retrieval, of cognitive maps.

Long-term behavioral changes in rats following organophosphonate exposure.

The organophosphorus compound soman irreversibly inhibits cholinesterase in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. High doses of this compound produce seizures and death in animals. Surviving animals exhibit neural lesions and behavioral abnormalities.

Neurotransmitters and memory: role of cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), pathological changes are found in the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS), serotonergic raphe (RA), and noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) systems. The present study was designed to determine the extent to which selective damage in each of these systems individually could produce an impairment of memory, one of the clinical symptoms of AD. Rats were given selective lesions by injecting ibotenic acid into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis and medial septal area (i.

Pneumococcal antibody levels one decade after immunization of healthy adults.

The authors investigated the persistence of anticapsular pneumococcal antibodies in 21 subjects one decade after administration of a single dose of a polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Fourteen vaccinees received a hexavalent vaccine composed of the polysaccharides of capsular types 1, 3, 4, 7F, 8, and 12F; four vaccinees received an octavalent vaccine consisting of these six polysaccharides and also those of capsular types 14 and 19F; and three vaccinees received a nonavalent vaccine that also included type 5 capsular polysaccharide. Antibody was measured by radioimmunoassay.