Engineering hydrogen bonding at tyrosine-201 in the orange carotenoid protein using halogenated analogues.

The Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) is a unique water-soluble photoactive protein that plays a critical role in regulating the balance between light harvesting and photoprotective responses in cyanobacteria. The challenge in understanding OCP´s photoactivation mechanism stems from the heterogeneity of the initial configurations of its embedded ketocarotenoid, which in the dark-adapted state can form up to two hydrogen bonds to critical amino acids in the protein's C-terminal domain, and the extremely low quantum yield of primary photoproduct formation. While a series of experiments involving point mutations within these contacts helped us to identify these challenges, they did not resolve them.

Health care costs among patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma treated with ixazomib or daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in the United States.

Background: Available treatments for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) include multiclass triplet regimens such as lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd backbone) plus ixazomib (proteasome inhibitor [PI]; I) or daratumumab (monoclonal antibody; D). Although prior real-world studies compared PI-Rd triplets, this research extends those findings by comparing health care costs of a PI-based and a monoclonal antibody-based triplet, IRd and DRd, in patients with RRMM in the United States.

Objective: To describe and compare all-cause and MM-related health care costs in patients with RRMM treated with IRd vs DRd.

Specificity of Photochemical Energy Conversion in Photosystem I from the Green Microalga .

Primary excitation energy transfer and charge separation in photosystem I (PSI) from the extremophile desert green alga grown in low light were studied using broadband femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy in the spectral range from 400 to 850 nm and in the time range from 50 fs to 500 ps. Photochemical reactions were induced by the excitation into the blue and red edges of the chlorophyll Qy absorption band and compared with similar processes in PSI from the cyanobacterium  sp. PCC 6803.

A Systematic Review of Modeling Approaches to Evaluate Treatments for Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Critical Review and Considerations for Future Health Economic Models.

Background And Objective: Multiple myeloma is a rare incurable hematological cancer in which most patients relapse or become refractory to treatment. This systematic literature review aimed to critically review the existing economic models used in economic evaluations of systemic treatments for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and to summarize how the models addressed differences in the line of therapy and exposure to prior treatment.

Methods: Following a pre-approved protocol, literature searches were conducted on 17 February, 2023, in relevant databases for models published since 2014.