Trait Loss in Evolution: What Cavefish Have Taught Us about Mechanisms Underlying Eye Regression.

Reduction or complete loss of traits is a common occurrence throughout evolutionary history. In spite of this, numerous questions remain about why and how trait loss has occurred. Cave animals are an excellent system in which these questions can be answered, as multiple traits, including eyes and pigmentation, have been repeatedly reduced or lost across populations of cave species.

Long-Term Experimental Manipulation of Atmospheric Sulfate Deposition to a Peatland: Response of Methylmercury and Related Solute Export in Streamwater.

Changes in sulfate (SO) deposition have been linked to changes in mercury (Hg) methylation in peatlands and water quality in freshwater catchments. There is little empirical evidence, however, of how quickly methyl-Hg (MeHg, a bioaccumulative neurotoxin) export from catchments might change with declining SO deposition. Here, we present responses in total Hg (THg), MeHg, total organic carbon, pH, and SO export from a peatland-dominated catchment as a function of changing SO deposition in a long-term (1998-2011), whole-ecosystem, control-impact experiment.

Large Scale Vat-Photopolymerization of Investment Casting Master Patterns: The Total Solution.

The material properties and processing of investment casting patterns manufactured using conventional wax injection Molding and those manufactured by vat photopolymerization can be substantially different in terms of thermal expansion and mechanical properties, which can generate problems with dimensional accuracy and stability before and during ceramic shelling and shell failures during the burn-out of the 3D printed casting patterns. In this paper and for the first time, the monofunctional Acryloyl morpholine monomer was used for 3D printing of casting patterns, due to its thermoplastic-like behavior, e.g.

Hot Lithography Vat Photopolymerisation 3D Printing: Vat Temperature vs. Mixture Design.

In the vat photopolymerisation 3D printing technique, the properties of the printed parts are highly dependent on the degree of conversion of the monomers. The mechanisms and advantages of vat photopolymerisation at elevated temperatures, or so called "hot lithography", were investigated in this paper. Two types of photoresins, commercially used as highly accurate castable resins, with different structural and diluent monomers, were employed in this study.

Early presence of (Cladocera: Cercopagidae) in lake sediments in North America: evidence or artifact?

The spiny water flea (), a freshwater crustacean considered to be the world's best-studied invasive zooplankter, was first recorded in North America in the Laurentian Great Lakes during the 1980s. Its arrival is widely considered to be the result of ocean-going cargo ships that translocated contaminated ballast water from Eurasia to the Great Lakes during the 1970-1980s. The subsequent first discovery of the species in inland lakes is consistent with the hypothesis that propagules dispersed initially from established Great Lakes populations.