Exploring clinical, echocardiographic and molecular biomarkers to predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease in childhood, related to prematurity, and the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to pulmonary disease in children. Moderate and severe BPD have a worse outcome and relate more frequently with PH. The prediction of moderate or severe BPD development in extremely premature newborns is vital to implement preventive strategies.

Preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia: new tools for an old challenge.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most prevalent chronic lung disease in infants and presents as a consequence of preterm birth. Due to the lack of effective preventive and treatment strategies, BPD currently represents a major therapeutic challenge that requires continued research efforts at the basic, translational, and clinical levels. However, not all very low birth weight premature babies develop BPD, which suggests that in addition to known gestational age and intrauterine and extrauterine risk factors, other unknown factors must be involved in this disease's development.

Clinical presentation and therapeutic management of venous thrombosis in young children: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in young children is not well documented.

Methods: Clinicians from 12 institutions retrospectively evaluated the presentation, therapeutic management, and outcome of VTE in children younger than 2 years seen in 2011-2016. Feasibility of recruiting these children in EINSTEIN-Jr.

[Changes in the international recommendations on neonatal resuscitation, 2010: comments].

Since previous publication in 2005, the most significant changes that have been addressed in the 2010 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recommendations are as follows: (i) use of 2 vital characteristics (heart rate and breathing) to initially evaluate progression to the following step in resuscitation; (ii) oximetry monitoring for the evaluation of oxygenation (assessment of color is unreliable); (iii) for babies born at term it is better to start resuscitation with air rather than 100% oxygen; (iv) administration of supplementary oxygen should be regulated by blending oxygen and air; (v) controversy about endotraqueal suctioning of depressed infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid; (vi) chest compression-ventilation ratio should remain at 3/1 for neonates unless the arrest is known to be of cardiac etiology, in which case a higher ratio should be considered; (vii) use of therapeutic hypothermia for infants born at term or near term evolving to moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, with protocol and follow-up coordinated through a regional perinatal system (post-resuscitation management); (viii) cord clamping delay for at least 1 minute in babies who do not require resuscitation (there is insufficient evidence to recommend a time for clamping in those who require resuscitation) and, (ix) it is appropriate to consider discontinuing resuscitation if there has been no detectable heart rate for 10 minutes, although many factors contribute to the decision to continue beyond 10 minutes. Under certain circumstances, non-initiation of resuscitation could be proposed taking into consideration general recommendations, own results and parents' opinion.

[Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 as a marker of proliferation in gallbladder mucosa samples with or without cancer].

Background: There is paucity of knowledge on the proliferative features of normal or chronically inflamed gallbladder and the mechanisms of development of gallbladder cancer.

Aim: To study the proliferation features of non tumoral gallbladder mucosa through the expression of Ki-67 antigen in tissue micro array analysis.

Material And Methods: The immunohystochemical expression of Ki-67 in tissue micro array was studied in 96 samples of non tumoral gallbladder mucosa (coming from 74 females aged 45+/-16 years and 22 males aged 53+/-16 years) and 102 samples of gallbladder cancer (coming from 84 females aged 62+/- 14 years and 18 males aged 70+/- 13 years).