Effect of Acute Hypoxia Exposure on the Availability of A Adenosine Receptors and Perfusion in the Human Brain.

In animal studies it has been observed that the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine is released into the cerebral interstitial space during hypoxic challenges. Adenosine's actions on the A adenosine receptor (AAR) protect the brain from oxygen deprivation and overexertion through adjustments in cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and electric activity. Using 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-[F]fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine ([F]CPFPX), a PET tracer for the AAR, we tested the hypothesis that hypoxia-induced adenosine release reduces AAR availability in the human brain.

Explainable artificial intelligence identifies an AQP4 polymorphism-based risk score associated with brain amyloid burden.

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is hypothesized to be a component of the glymphatic system, a pathway for removing brain interstitial solutes like amyloid-β (Aβ). Evidence exists that genetic variation of AQP4 impacts Aβ clearance, clinical outcome in Alzheimer's disease as well as sleep measures. We examined whether a risk score calculated from several AQP4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is related to Aβ neuropathology in older cognitively unimpaired white individuals.

Dynamic neuroreceptor positron emission tomography in non-anesthetized rats using point source based motion correction: A feasibility study with [C]ABP688.

To prevent motion artifacts in small animal positron emission tomography (PET), animals are routinely scanned under anesthesia or physical restraint. Both may potentially alter metabolism and neurochemistry. This study investigates the feasibility of fully awake acquisition and subsequent absolute quantification of dynamic brain PET data via pharmacokinetic modelling in moving rats using the glutamate 5 receptor radioligand [C]ABP688 and point source based motion correction.

Single dose creatine improves cognitive performance and induces changes in cerebral high energy phosphates during sleep deprivation.

The inverse effects of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation on high energy phosphates, neural creatine, and cognitive performances suggest that creatine is a suitable candidate for reducing the negative effects of sleep deprivation. With this, the main obstacle is the limited exogenous uptake by the central nervous system (CNS), making creatine only effective over a long-term diet of weeks. Thus far, only repeated dosing of creatine over weeks has been studied, yielding detectable changes in CNS levels.