Development of toxin-antitoxin self-destructive bacteria, aimed for salmonella vaccination.

The most common source of foodborne Salmonella infection in humans is poultry eggs and meat, such that prevention of human infection is mostly achieved by vaccination of farm animals. While inactivated and attenuated vaccines are available, both present drawbacks. This study aimed to develop a novel vaccination strategy, which combines the effectiveness of live-attenuated and safety of inactivated vaccines by construction of inducible self-destructing bacteria utilizing toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems.

A Novel Platform for Root Protection Applies New Root-Coating Technologies to Mitigate Soil-Borne Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Disease.

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a soil-borne virus showing a low percentage of ca. 3% soil-mediated infection when the soil contains root debris from a previous 30-50 day growth cycle of ToBRFV-infected tomato plants. We designed stringent conditions of soil-mediated ToBRFV infection by increasing the length of the pre-growth cycle to 90-120 days, adding a ToBRFV inoculum as well as truncating seedling roots, which increased seedling susceptibility to ToBRFV infection.

Endotoxin-free gram-negative bacterium as a system for production and secretion of recombinant proteins.

Gram-negative bacteria are common and efficient protein expression systems, yet their outer membrane endotoxins can elicit undesirable toxic effects, limiting their applicability for parenteral therapeutic applications, e.g., production of vaccine components.

Oral subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces systemic neutralizing IgG, IgA and cellular immune responses and can boost neutralizing antibody responses primed by an injected vaccine.

The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its devastating medical and economic impacts, triggered an unprecedented race toward development of effective vaccines. The commercialized vaccines are parenterally administered, which poses logistic challenges, while adequate protection at the mucosal sites of virus entry is questionable. Furthermore, essentially all vaccine candidates target the viral spike (S) protein, a surface protein that undergoes significant antigenic drift.

Immune responses to mucosal vaccination by the recombinant A1 and N proteins of infectious bronchitis virus.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is prevented primarily by the use of live attenuated vaccines, which are known to have a limited strain range of protection. Alternative vaccines against the emerging new virus strains can improve control of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenic potential of two recombinant viral proteins, when administered by eyedrop, without the assistance of a vector.