Elevation of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles over the first month post-stroke in humans.

We sought to identify alterations in the quantity of plasma brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) over the first month post-stroke to shed light on related injury and repair mechanisms. We assessed plasma levels of presumed neuron-derived EVs (NDEs), astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEs), and oligodendrocyte-derived EVs (ODEs) in 58 patients 5, 15, and 30 days post-ischemic stroke and 46 controls matched for cardiovascular risk factors using sandwich immunoassays. Subsets of brain-derived EVs were identified by co-expression of the general EV marker CD9 and markers for neurons (L1CAM, CD171), astrocytes (EAAT1), and oligodendrocytes (MOG) respectively.

Centering Equity and Developing the Maternal Health Workforce: Building the National Maternal Health Learning and Innovation Center.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the development of the Maternal Health Learning and Innovation Center (MHLIC), a national initiative designed to enhance workforce capacity of maternal health professionals in the United States.

Description: The mission of the MHLIC is to foster collaboration and learning among diverse stakeholders to accelerate evidence-informed approaches advancing equitable maternal health outcomes through engagement, innovation, and policy. Working to center equity in all efforts, the MHLIC builds workforce capacity through partnership, training, technical assistance, coaching, facilitation of peer learning, and a national resource repository.

Evaluation and Management of Dysphagia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Clinical Practice.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the evaluation and management of dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients by speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Methods: A 15-question web-based survey sent to SLPs in general clinical practice.

Results: Forty-nine SLPs responded.

Use cases, best practice and reporting standards for metabolomics in regulatory toxicology.

Metabolomics is a widely used technology in academic research, yet its application to regulatory science has been limited. The most commonly cited barrier to its translation is lack of performance and reporting standards. The MEtabolomics standaRds Initiative in Toxicology (MERIT) project brings together international experts from multiple sectors to address this need.

Use of non-invasive ventilation to facilitate extubation in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with hypercapnic respiratory failure.

We present the case of a 44-year-old man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) intubated for hypercapnic respiratory failure and aspiration pneumonia. The patient was successfully extubated, transitioned to non-invasive ventilation and lived at home comfortably for 17 months, with good functional status for the first year. This case highlights the potential of prolonged survival post extubation in patients with advanced ALS and respiratory failure.