E-cigarette-induced changes in cell stress and mitochondrial function.

Inhaling aerosols from electronic nicotine delivery systems, such as e-cigarettes (e-cigs), may pose health risks beyond those caused by nicotine intake. Exposure to e-cig aerosols can lead to the release of exosomes and metabolites into the bloodstream, potentially affecting mitochondrial physiology across the body, leading to chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study we assessed the effects of e-cig use by young healthy human subjects on the circulating exosome profile and markers of cell stress, and also defined the effects of e-cig user plasma on mitochondrial function in endothelial cells (EA.

Head Circumference Versus Length and Weight Deficits up to 2 Years of Age in Bangladesh.

Infant undernutrition, defined by length- and weight-based indices, is common in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but corresponding deficits in head size have received less attention. In a cohort of term newborns in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we compared the severity of deficits (vs. World Health Organization Growth Standards) in head circumference (HC), length and weight at birth and every 3 months until 2 years of age (n range across timepoints: 843-920).

Humanitarian-specific recommendations for gender-transformative parenting programming: lessons from the field to address gender-based violence.

There has been tremendous progress in building and promoting evidence-based practice around parenting programming in low- and middle-income countries. However, there remains a dearth of evidence specifically examining gender transformative programming designed to address gender-based violence in humanitarian settings. To inform this gap, we examine how existing gender transformative programmatic material addresses the unique circumstances of parenting in humanitarian settings.

Height-Age as An Alternative to Height-For-Age z-Scores to Assess the Effect of Interventions on Child Linear Growth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: Assessments of the efficacy of interventions to improve child growth are often based on differences in mean height-for-age -scores (HAZ) and stunting (HAZ<-2) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, this approach does not account for children's starting skeletal age and does not enable assessment of the extent to which interventions optimized linear growth.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to develop and apply a new method using height-age to express linear growth effects in RCTs.