Treatment strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in persons with chronic kidney disease and Type 2 diabetes.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent and progressive condition associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Diabetes is a common cause of CKD, and both diabetes and CKD increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in individuals with CKD. This review will discuss the importance of early detection of CKD and prompt pharmacological intervention to slow CKD progression and delay the development of CVD for improving outcomes.

Baseline kidney function and the effects of dapagliflozin on health status in heart failure in DEFINE-HF and PRESERVED-HF.

Aims: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve health status and outcomes in the setting of heart failure (HF) across the range of ejection fraction (EF). Baseline kidney disease is common in HF, complicates HF management and is strongly linked to worse health status. This study aimed to assess whether the treatment effects of dapagliflozin on health status vary based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Discontinuation of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA among persons with Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease treated in US cardiology clinics.

SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA are recommended for persons with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) but are underused in clinical practice. The COORDINATE-Diabetes randomized clincal trial evaluated a multi-faceted intervention to increase the use of evidence-based therapies for reducing cardiovascular risk among participants with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This analysis reports the discontinuation rate of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA in follow up and summarises the clinician-reported reasons underlying these decisions.

Novel Therapeutic Agents for Cardiometabolic Risk Mitigation in Heart Transplant Recipients.

Heart transplant (HT) recipients experience high rates of cardiometabolic disease. Novel therapies targeting hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity, including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin inhibitors (PCSK9i), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are increasingly used for cardiometabolic risk mitigation in the general population. However, limited data exist to support the use of these agents in patients who have undergone heart transplantation.

Adjoint-Assisted Shape Optimization of Microlenses for CMOS Image Sensors.

Recently, there have been significant developments in the designs of CMOS image sensors to achieve high-resolution sensing capabilities. One of the fundamental factors determining the sensor's ability to capture high-resolution images is its efficiency in focusing the visible light onto the photosensitive region of the submicron scale. In most CMOS imaging technologies, this is typically achieved through microlenses.