Urinary tract infection during pregnancy: current concepts on a common multifaceted problem.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infection in pregnancy, increasing the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Urinary tract infections may present as asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis or pyelonephritis. Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen associated with both symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 (PAI-1) -675 4G/5G polymorphism with unexplained female infertility.

Background: Infertility is a major issue of concern for couples at reproductive age.  The underlying causes of infertility remain unknown in 15-30 % of the cases. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), which is a major fibrinolytic factor, has been associated with increased infertility risk.

Fertility-sparing management and obstetric outcomes in a 20-year-old patient with a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary: A case report and review of the literature.

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are an uncommon subtype of sex-cord stromal tumors of the ovary, which most commonly arise in women of reproductive age, creating an issue with regard to the preservation of fertility. The clinical manifestation of SLCTs varies widely, ranging from an asymptomatic clinical profile to extreme virilization. Correct diagnosis of SLCT is crucial and is primarily based on histopathological results.

Disparate effects of pharmacotherapy on plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by obesity and insulin resistance (IR), which result in elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels. We aimed to assess the changes in PAI-1 levels in PCOS during treatment with metformin and during weight loss.

Design: Twenty-three normal weight women with PCOS were given metformin 850 mg bid for 6 months.

Association between menstrual cycle irregularities and endocrine and metabolic characteristics of the polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) is frequent in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and contributes to the increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease of this population. Several markers of IR are used but most are expensive or have limited sensitivity and specificity. Preliminary data suggest that the menstrual cycle pattern correlates with IR in PCOS but existing studies are small.