Analyzing the impact of competitiveness factors on increasing grain production in Kazakhstan and Russia.

The main research objective of this study is to conduct a detailed econometric analysis of the factors affecting the competitiveness of cereal production in Northern Kazakhstan and the Volga region of Russia, focusing on climatic conditions, irrigation systems, and soil cultivation technologies. The assessment of grain production competitiveness was considered for the period 2018-2020 in the context of the following indicators: grain yield, grain sown area, and gross grain harvest. The data analysis also included indicators of annual domestic grain consumption and total grain production in Kazakhstan and Russia.

[Hybrid interventions for atherosclerotic lesions of the lower limb arteries].

Treatment of multilevel atherosclerotic lesions of the lower limb arteries is an acute problem in modern medicine. There is no a single treatment algorithm. Hybrid technologies are one of the possible treatment options.