The effects of palladium coordination complex speciation and concentration upon the ubiquitous bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The toxicity of three different palladium (Pd) species to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an environmentally ubiquitous bacterial species, is reported. Palladium was added to chemically-defined minimal media as three complex ion salts, namely sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na[PdCl]), tetraamminepalladium(II) chloride ([Pd(NH)]Cl), and potassium hexachloropalladate(IV) (K[PdCl]), inoculated with log-phase cultures and incubated for 24 h at 25 °C. Toxicity was tested for Pd concentrations ranging from 6.

Next-generation retinoid X receptor agonists increase ATRA signaling in organotypic epithelium cultures and have distinct effects on receptor dynamics.

Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are nuclear transcription factors that partner with other nuclear receptors to regulate numerous physiological processes. Although RXR represents a valid therapeutic target, only a few RXR-specific ligands (rexinoids) have been identified, in part due to the lack of clarity on how rexinoids selectively modulate RXR response. Previously, we showed that rexinoid UAB30 potentiates all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) signaling in human keratinocytes, in part by stimulating ATRA biosynthesis.

Stability of the Retinoid X Receptor-α Homodimer in the Presence and Absence of Rexinoid and Coactivator Peptide.

Differential scanning calorimetry and differential scanning fluorimetry were used to measure the thermal stability of human retinoid X receptor-α ligand binding domain (RXRα LBD) homodimer in the absence or presence of rexinoid and coactivator peptide, GRIP-1. The -RXRα LBD homodimer displayed a single thermal unfolding transition with a of 58.7 °C and an unfolding enthalpy (Δ) of 673 kJ/mol (12.

A Small Molecule, UAB126, Reverses Diet-Induced Obesity and its Associated Metabolic Disorders.

Targeting retinoid X receptor (RXR) has been proposed as one of the therapeutic strategies to treat individuals with metabolic syndrome, as RXR heterodimerizes with multiple nuclear receptors that regulate genes involved in metabolism. Despite numerous efforts, RXR ligands (rexinoids) have not been approved for clinical trials to treat metabolic syndrome due to the serious side effects such as hypertriglyceridemia and altered thyroid hormone axis. In this study, we demonstrate a novel rexinoid-like small molecule, UAB126, which has positive effects on metabolic syndrome without the known side effects of potent rexinoids.