[Psychiatric care between World War II and "Psychiatrie-Enquête": early approaches of reformation in Württemberg].

Objective: The article describes care in a psychiatric clinic between 1946 and 1975. This happens against the background of the current psychiatry-historical literature in which this phase of psychiatric care is described often summarily with the destructive words of the report of the 'Psychiatrie-Enquête' of 1975. Improvements achieved in this time were hardly examined up to now though they contributed substantially to the later effects of the 'Psychiatrie-Enquête'.

Rehospitalization risk of former voluntary and involuntary patients with schizophrenia.

Background: The aim of the study was to examine the differences between former involuntary and voluntary patients with a schizophrenic disorder with regard to time to and frequency of rehospitalization.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, 374 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were included. At the time of inclusion, 290 (77.

Identification of psychopathological course trajectories in schizophrenia.

Course trajectory analyses have been performed primarily for treatment response in acute episodes of schizophrenic disorders. As yet, corresponding data for the long-term course are lacking. Within a multicenter prospective observational study, 268 patients with schizophrenia were assessed at discharge from hospital and followed up after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.

[Involuntary psychiatric hospital admissions: a comparison between five hospitals in three German federal states].

Background: There is considerable variance in involuntary psychiatric hospital admission rates both in Europe and Germany. In a prospective comparison between five hospitals in three German federal states we assessed and analyzed involuntary psychiatric hospital admissions, including the patient's perspective.

Material And Method: All involuntarily admitted patients were assessed by an independent researcher.

Long-term effects of involuntary hospitalization on medication adherence, treatment engagement and perception of coercion.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the long-term influence of involuntary hospitalization on medication adherence, engagement in out-patient treatment and perceived coercion to treatment participation.

Methods: In a naturalistic observational multi-centre study, 290 voluntarily and 84 involuntarily hospitalized patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder had been followed up over a period of 2 years with half-yearly assessments. Assessments included self-rated medication adherence, externally judged medication adherence by blood levels, engagement in treatment and perceived coercion.