Paracetamol (PCM; N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent that is utilized in human medicine. Its use is so widespread that it is constantly being introduced into global water bodies where it reaches concentrations up to several microgL(-1). A battery of eight biomarkers was applied in the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha in order to evaluate its potential sub-lethal effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study assesses the response of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) to chemical pollution derived from the R. Lambro/R. Po confluence, which is one of the most polluted aquatic environments in Europe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
September 2009
A battery of eight biomarkers was applied in the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha to evaluate potential sub-lethal effects of the antimicrobial trimethoprim (TMP, 5-[3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine). Mussels were exposed for 96 h to increasing concentrations (1, 3, 10 nM) of TMP in in vivo experiments. We determined the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, the micronucleus test (MN test), the apoptotic frequency (Halo assay) and the lysosomal membrane stability (Neutral Red Retention Assay) in mussel hemocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments. They are the sixth most sold drugs worldwide and are usually found in significant quantities in municipal effluents. The aim of this study was to assess a first screening evaluation of the cytogenotoxicity of three common NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen and paracetamol) using an in vitro biomarker approach on the haemocytes of the freshwater bivalve zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
July 2009
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been detected in several aquatic ecosystems for a number of years, but the potential for biological effects in exposed non-target organisms is only now being reported. In this study the potential cellular damage due to two of the main PPCPs found in aquatic environments was investigated by in vitro exposures. Hemolymph samples of the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha were collected and treated with increasing concentrations of the antibacterial agent Triclosan (TCS) and the antibiotic Trimethoprim (TMP).
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